Middle East |
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AudioNotesPalestine (1920-1940)
Palestinians unhappy Zionists immigrate Palestinians vs Jewish
Palestinians were not happy- fight back White Paper
Tells Palestinians to sit tight- we are going to suspend Jewish immigration “Black Paper”
Come into effect in 1948- after British Mandate ends David Ben Gurion- First President of Isreal Dismay in the Arab world
Arab out gunned and out planned Israel smashed Arab Palestinians want their homes back Israelis say its' their home now Terror attacks seen since the Arab-Israeli war Israel has flourished 1970's and up the politics have been disjointed Major discussion about two state solution King Faruk- Egypt Tried to be a secular leader US puppet Hated by the people of Egypt Austed by Gamal Nasser Gamal Nasser Deal with Egypts energy problems Major public works Needs money- talks to the USA and USSR Aswan Dam USA finds out about Nasser borrowing money from USSR and pulls out Calls up China becasue he needs money to build Aswan Dam China suggests that they become communist Suez Canal as a way to make money to fund Aswan Dam Owned by English and French cooperations The Suez Crisis
Built to make travel through the horn of Africa easier Nasser nationalizes the canal and uses funds to build the Aswan dam Hungary moves towards deomocratic reforms (Nagy) Soviets kill thousands- Whole world is watching (communism looks bad) British, French and Israel team up to take back the Suez Canal Octover 1956- attack USA is extremely angry because they did not warn them- Whole world shifts attention (democracy looks bad) Canada comes in with the UN and Lester Pearson and creates Peace Keepers (uncomfortable cease fire) The Six Day War
Egypt gets allies- Syria, Jordan, Egypt Goal is to make Israel cease to exist Isreal attacks Egypt Israelis launch an air strike on Egypts air forces for 6 hours (war is over) Smash syrians in the north and occupy the entire Sinai peninsula, West bank, Gaza strip and the Golan Heights (all of Palestine is now Israeli) Gaza is used as a refugee camp Creates a massive refugee crisis Refugees form the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) People in PLO have NOTHING left to loose Terrorism- new form of war Invented by the PLO in response to Israeli occupation of the Middle East Palesinians believe that the only way to get their voice heard is through terrorist attacks Hijacking
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YouTubeMore NotesSedat with Syria
Attacks-
Soviets back Syria US backs Israel USA sends emergancy funds and materials to Israel Galvanizes Arab opinion Israel holds onto most of Land except for areas around the Suez Canal Sedat is labelled as a hero in Egypt He gets American support Agreement include Israel vacating the Suez Canal OPEC- Oil and petrolem exporting countries (Middle East)
Response to the 6 day war Formed in 1967 because the West was increasing its oil use by 5% every year at very low costs The Shah of Iran was the most outspoken critic (Shah= King) The embargo backfires through trade relationships 1973-
USA finds oil in the Gulf of Mexico and Alaska
Led by Ayatollah Khomeini The Shah is now out (seen as a puppet of the US- later found in exile in US) Puts pressure on the American Saudi-Arabia relationship (tight relationship, allies)- Pure buisness relationship Ayatollah refers to the US as the "great satan"
Iran- Iraq War
Backed by American promises of money Momey coming in will out way the public relations cost
Agreement was reached- Egyptian control of the Siani Peninsula and the Gaza Strip In response Egypt officially recongnizes Israel Egypt is ostrazied by the Arab world Seen as a hero by the West Sedat is assasinated in Egypt Subjunctive QuestionIf the involvement of the UN did not take place how would that have affected the creation of the country?
Quotes"We shall not enter Palestine with its soil covered in sand, we shall enter it with its soil saturated in blood" -President of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser
3,2,13 Words: Oil, corrupt and chaotic
2 Questions: - If oil resources weren't so rich and the USA wasn't hungry for it would these conflicts have occurred? - If Ayatollah wasn't so persistent with eliminating ties with the USA due to OPEC issues and cultures in conflict would this have stunned the USA's support of weapons and money? 1 Metaphor: The countries in the Middle East were boiling mad and this was music to the USA's ears. |
BLOG
"Let me tell you something that we Israelis have against Moses. He took us 40 years through the desert in order to bring us to the one spot in the Middle East that has no oil!"
Golda Meir
Consider the quote by Golda Meir and address the following statement: The conflicts that rage across the Middle East entire are conflicts over oil and not about Nationalism or statehood.
It is evident that the Middle is the heart of many conflicts. Since the 1920’s the land mass of this region has been the centre of debates. Egypt, Israel and the Arabs have been fighting for the rights of this land for a very time. Statehood and Nationalism are two of the main reasons this is such an elaborate conflict but to as on to that resources are also an integrator. The United States of America’s involvement with this conflict is all due to the security of oil. The war between Iran and Iraq is also supported by the Americans. Two of the major conflicts in the Middle East; The Six Day War and The Yom Kippur are wars revolving around Nationalism. The USA strives to keep their involvement with the Middle East for the purpose of self-gain. Their motive is a base that will ensure the safe keeping of their oil.
Focussing on statehood, The Six Day War in 1967 is a prime example. The Six Day War was important for Egypt because they craved the land mass. Their main objective was to eliminate Israel and reclaim the land that they lost. With the support from their allies Syria and Jordan, Egypt was determined to make this a reality. Due to the hard ships Egypt underwent with the Suez Crisis, they as a nation were motivated to demolish Israel. Embarrassment and revenge was the driving force behind their plan making. Even though the country Egypt successfully created an attack, Israel was the first country to demonstrate redyness for battle and launched a strike in Egypt. In only 6 hours Israel was able to claim victory. They successfully beat the Egyptian air force and thus the ending of the war. To add, Israel also set forth the motion to attack Syria in the north. Israel accomplished the entire Sinai Peninsula, West bank, Gaza strip and the Golan Heights by the end of the Six Day War. That being the case Palestine was now a part of Israel and that is why this war is classified as a war about statehood.
Israel and Egypt still didn’t stop battling. The Yom Kippur war was a conflict that revolved around land claims. In the month of September in 1970 Gamal Nassar passed away, following his leadership, Anwar Sedat stepped in. Sedat was a strong advocate and claimed that “this is [their] year to shine.” With the help from the soviets involvement with Syria, both Egypt and Syria and attacked Israel. Their main focus was Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights on the known holiday of the Jewish nation, Yom Kippur. To add, the United States of America fully supported Israel. They showed their commitment to this cause by sending emergency funds and materials. This action of generosity was made to ensure that the land of oil remained in their control. Israel was successful with keeping and reclaiming a majority of their original property (land) except for the surroundings of the Suez Canal. Sedat is given full recognition for his accomplishments and is viewed as a heroic figure in Egypt.
On the flip side the Iran-Iraq war was primarily inflicted due to issues regarding oil sources and religion. Ayatollah Khomeini dominated OPEC and the Shah by placing “an embargo on oil to the USA.” The USA decided to take that action of embargo because they felt it was necessary due to the results of the Six Day War. Furthermore, the didn’t appreciate Ayatollah’s negative attitude towards their culture. He even went as far as referring to the USA’s religion as the “Great Satan.” From the outside The Shah was viewed as inferior compared to the US and they never hesitated to listen the USA’s command. Therefore, tat being the case when the Shah was overthrown the USA provided millions of dollars and/or weapons so that they would be equipped to take on the Iranians. However, this instigated a war in the Middle East. The only concern the USA had was their access to oil. For them to achieve the resource of oil they needed to rid Ayatollah of power. If he was overruled that would secure and reinforce the form the USA would be receiving oil product. That being said, this war was purely a war between two polar opposite cultures and resources. Religion and oil were the driving forces behind this conflict.
Each war in the Middle East had different reasons as to why they were bring fought, most of which revolved around the importance of nationalism and statehood. However they were supported for the need of oil. The war between Iran and Iraq was essential a battle regarding oil and the USA flamed the fire by offering support. Whereas on the contrary, The Yom Kippur War was a war about land and nationalism. Egypt and Syria yearned to gain the control of the land that Israel won during the Six Day War. Israel dominated in the Six Day War-their goal was to establish an independent state and riding Palestine. Virtually the Six Day War and The Yom Kippur were based off of Nationalism and Statehood reasons. American support was important. Without the USA's aid and ability to provide weapons these war would not have taken place. The USA felt need to be involved because of their natural greed for oil. The USA was desperate to establish a connection in the Middle East when Ayatollah rejected the American culture and cut ties with OPEC.
Golda Meir
Consider the quote by Golda Meir and address the following statement: The conflicts that rage across the Middle East entire are conflicts over oil and not about Nationalism or statehood.
It is evident that the Middle is the heart of many conflicts. Since the 1920’s the land mass of this region has been the centre of debates. Egypt, Israel and the Arabs have been fighting for the rights of this land for a very time. Statehood and Nationalism are two of the main reasons this is such an elaborate conflict but to as on to that resources are also an integrator. The United States of America’s involvement with this conflict is all due to the security of oil. The war between Iran and Iraq is also supported by the Americans. Two of the major conflicts in the Middle East; The Six Day War and The Yom Kippur are wars revolving around Nationalism. The USA strives to keep their involvement with the Middle East for the purpose of self-gain. Their motive is a base that will ensure the safe keeping of their oil.
Focussing on statehood, The Six Day War in 1967 is a prime example. The Six Day War was important for Egypt because they craved the land mass. Their main objective was to eliminate Israel and reclaim the land that they lost. With the support from their allies Syria and Jordan, Egypt was determined to make this a reality. Due to the hard ships Egypt underwent with the Suez Crisis, they as a nation were motivated to demolish Israel. Embarrassment and revenge was the driving force behind their plan making. Even though the country Egypt successfully created an attack, Israel was the first country to demonstrate redyness for battle and launched a strike in Egypt. In only 6 hours Israel was able to claim victory. They successfully beat the Egyptian air force and thus the ending of the war. To add, Israel also set forth the motion to attack Syria in the north. Israel accomplished the entire Sinai Peninsula, West bank, Gaza strip and the Golan Heights by the end of the Six Day War. That being the case Palestine was now a part of Israel and that is why this war is classified as a war about statehood.
Israel and Egypt still didn’t stop battling. The Yom Kippur war was a conflict that revolved around land claims. In the month of September in 1970 Gamal Nassar passed away, following his leadership, Anwar Sedat stepped in. Sedat was a strong advocate and claimed that “this is [their] year to shine.” With the help from the soviets involvement with Syria, both Egypt and Syria and attacked Israel. Their main focus was Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights on the known holiday of the Jewish nation, Yom Kippur. To add, the United States of America fully supported Israel. They showed their commitment to this cause by sending emergency funds and materials. This action of generosity was made to ensure that the land of oil remained in their control. Israel was successful with keeping and reclaiming a majority of their original property (land) except for the surroundings of the Suez Canal. Sedat is given full recognition for his accomplishments and is viewed as a heroic figure in Egypt.
On the flip side the Iran-Iraq war was primarily inflicted due to issues regarding oil sources and religion. Ayatollah Khomeini dominated OPEC and the Shah by placing “an embargo on oil to the USA.” The USA decided to take that action of embargo because they felt it was necessary due to the results of the Six Day War. Furthermore, the didn’t appreciate Ayatollah’s negative attitude towards their culture. He even went as far as referring to the USA’s religion as the “Great Satan.” From the outside The Shah was viewed as inferior compared to the US and they never hesitated to listen the USA’s command. Therefore, tat being the case when the Shah was overthrown the USA provided millions of dollars and/or weapons so that they would be equipped to take on the Iranians. However, this instigated a war in the Middle East. The only concern the USA had was their access to oil. For them to achieve the resource of oil they needed to rid Ayatollah of power. If he was overruled that would secure and reinforce the form the USA would be receiving oil product. That being said, this war was purely a war between two polar opposite cultures and resources. Religion and oil were the driving forces behind this conflict.
Each war in the Middle East had different reasons as to why they were bring fought, most of which revolved around the importance of nationalism and statehood. However they were supported for the need of oil. The war between Iran and Iraq was essential a battle regarding oil and the USA flamed the fire by offering support. Whereas on the contrary, The Yom Kippur War was a war about land and nationalism. Egypt and Syria yearned to gain the control of the land that Israel won during the Six Day War. Israel dominated in the Six Day War-their goal was to establish an independent state and riding Palestine. Virtually the Six Day War and The Yom Kippur were based off of Nationalism and Statehood reasons. American support was important. Without the USA's aid and ability to provide weapons these war would not have taken place. The USA felt need to be involved because of their natural greed for oil. The USA was desperate to establish a connection in the Middle East when Ayatollah rejected the American culture and cut ties with OPEC.